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Over the last 40 years there had been 3 different rulers, Henry VIII, Edward VI and Mary I all of which had very different views on religion and running the country. Another being the English sympathy to the protestant rebels on the Netherlands. Elizabeth and James VI agreed to maintain Protestantism as their respective countries religion. A great threat was presented by Catholic opposition to Elizabeth's rule, but Mary's influence over this, and therefore the threat that she posed as an individual, may be called into question. Europe. All Catholic priests are ordered to leave the country. Overall then, despite the question of legitimacy being extremely important due to the fact that Elizabeth could not count on the support of many English Catholics and the fact that it allowed a rival in Scotland to have claims to the throne, the immediate concerns of Elizabeth were of a more practical nature. Seeing Spain as a threat, Elizabeth tried to form an alliance with France. Most people in . How significant was the threat to Elizabeth I, posed by her Roman Catholic subjects in the years 1558-1588? In 1558, England and Spain were still allies against France, but King Philip of Spain (who had been married to Mary) hated Protestantism with a passion. However, the Act also established a national poor rate, made JPs (Justices of the Peace) keep registers of the poor and gave towns and cities the responsibility to find work for the able-bodied poor. 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However, she was fearful of the presence of Spain in the Netherlands, who were busy putting down the Dutch Revolt from 1566 under the command of the Duke of Alba. He plotted a Spanish invasion of England, which would involve the killing of Elizabeth and the placing of Mary, Queen of Scots on the throne. Elizabeth was inheriting a terrible situation, which she had to sort out. Mary Queen of Scots was married to . The English also had better tactics that were more effective. Many people did not want a foreigner influencing England policy. Another danger was the risk Marys son, James VI of Scotland posted as he might seek revenge for his mothers death. English exports to Europe were vital to the English economy and reached the European market via the Dutch ports, particularly Antwerp. James also pledged to help Elizabeth if invaded. Best Answer. The English ships moved in for the attack and the following battle lasted several hours with 5 Spanish ships having been sunk. To know the dates for your GCSE exams for 2020, you firstly need to identify which exam board you are studying for your subject. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 4th explanation - Most significant problem she faced as if she didn't have money she couldn't defend England against invasions. In 1595 Elizabeth had to deal with a rebellion in Ireland led by Tyrone and O'Donnell. Drake knew he wasnt able to attack this port with any realistic hope of success. Elizabeths legitimacy was one of many problems that Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. The Catholic threat Many Catholics in England were not happy with Elizabeth's Settlement. Thereafter, up to 11,000 English Catholics were either arrested or placed under surveillance. Foreign prince candinates would all be Catholic. English Catholic Francis Throckmorton was the link of communication within this plan. There was broad support for the new Settlement and very few refused to take the oath of loyalty to the queen. Apple Ordered to Pay Optis Wireless $300 Million in Second LTE Patent Trial. The most important reason why Mary was a threat to Elizabeth's reign was the fact that Mary was Catholic. The rest of the Spanish fleet was forced to sail away from the French coast and into the North Sea with the English fleet on their trail. Social Studies American History: Reconstruction to the Present Guided Reading Workbook. English direct involvement in the Netherlands, 1585-88. However, Elizabeth was fearful that a foreign husband would have not put the needs of England first. Boston House, There are 4 main exam boards used in the UK. One fact that should not be ignored from 1566 was the increasing role of the Pope and his determination to undermine Elizabeth. West Yorkshire, This was a huge sum of money, especially when you consider the annual income of the Crown was approximately 286,000. One was debt. The Throckmorton plot was a conspiracy to assassinate Queen Elizabeth and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots in 1583. . Born 7th September 1533 , Elizabeth was the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. Her forty-five year reign was constantly under threat, which makes the fact that she was able to overcome these for forty-five years even more remarkable. Sir Robert Naunton recorded that the queen once said angrily to Leicester, when he tried to insist upon a favour, "I will have here but one mistress and no master." Complete the sentence in a way that shows you understand the meaning of the italicized vocabulary word. The features and significance of the Ridolfi, Throckmorton and Babington plots. The victory over the Spanish was not just a military success for England, but it also helped to strengthen Elizabeths rule over the country. Looking back at historical examples, it might be because they did a . Probably at the core of Elizabeth's decision to remain single was an unwillingness to compromise her power. England had lost the last of her territories in France during the reign of Mary, when Calais was lost. August 8th: Battle of Gravelines fireships caused the Spanish fleet to scatter. This interference greatly angered the Spanish and provoked the ire of many Catholics, who now no longer saw Elizabeth as a mediator of the status quo, but as an interfering, troublesome monarch. By studying this week, students should have an understanding of: . Copy. - Financial issues may have led to her loosing powerful allies as she could not give important people grant patronages. The reasons for, and significance of, the Revolt of the Northern Earls, 156970. Describe two threats posed by Mary Queen of Scots to Elizabeth in 1568 4. The plan was that 130 ships (equipped with 2431 guns) would sail along the Channel to the Netherlands, where they would pick up 27,000 troops, led by the Duke of Parma. Boston House, The plan was then for the combined forces would then sail across the Channel to England under the protection of the Armadas warships. Boston Spa, They were also fearful that France would rekindle their loyalty to Scotland and threaten England from the north and south together. France, Spain and Scotland were all Catholic countries in 1558. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. Working for the British, Native American Manteo was placed in charge of the expedition by Sir Walter Raleigh. Englands victory over the Spanish navy in 1588 contributed to their development as a strong naval power to rival Spain. The Netherlands had been part of the Spanish empire since the 1550s. In Europe, the 1570s saw some of the worst atrocities of the protracted fall-out of the Reformation. This helps to explain why Elizabeth had to deal with so many plots, the intention of which was to replace Elizabeth with Mary. Design engineering imperial 2023 applicants, Border Force Officer - Core and Mobile teams recruitment campaign September 2022. [Clear link back to the question at the end of the paragraph here.]. Boston House, She raised an army following her escape from prison but was defeated at Langside (Glasgow). To counter homelessness and the begging/criminal activity that sometimes accompanied this, a law was passed that stated that, if found, vagrants were: 1) to be whipped and have a hole drilled through each ear 2) if found a second time would be imprisoned 3) would be killed if found a third time. LS23 6AD In July, the Spanish fleet was seen off Cornwall and signal fires known as beacons were lit along the south coast to send the news to the Elizabeth who was in London. [Blog], Medicine Community Feedback and Suggestions, 2023 entry A100 / A101 Medicine fastest and slowest offer senders, Borders & Enforcement, Immigration Enforcement - Immigration Officer June 22, Official University of the Arts London 2023 Applicants Thread. The Spanish Armada sailed in 1588 and was completely defeated by the English. The plots to overthrow Elizabeth failed for a number of reasons such as: Elizabeth was actually popular which meant those conspiring to overthrow her lacked public support. These problems included Gender, Religion, Finance and Foreign policy. The Spanish Armada sailed in 1588 and was completely defeated by the English. The New World, privateering and the significance of the activities of Sir Francis Drake. Moreover, to raise money Elizabeth would have to make the immediately-unpopular decision of raising taxes, the permission for which would need to be granted by parliament (which, in turn, could then make further demands on Elizabeth). Describe two features of the Rebellion of the Norther earls 1559 7. Elizabeth I - the last Tudor monarch - was born at Greenwich on 7 September 1533, the daughter of Henry VIII and his second wife, Anne Boleyn. Elizabeth I: a biography. The Northern Earls were unhappy and rebelled for several reasons: The Revolt of the Northern Earls was arguably the most serious rebellion during Elizabeths reign and presented a threat for a number of reasons: During the 1570s and 1580s, there were several plots by Catholics to assassinate Queen Elizabeth and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots. The treaty essentially allowed Elizabeth to focus on developing events in the Netherlands and not worry about protecting her northern border. Crucially, when the Spanish ships docked in English ports, the gold was seized by Elizabeth. Even though a truce was decided, there was still a constant threat from the Scots and French to the English security . Mary was married to Philip II of Spain. France however, thought her intention was to create war between France and Spain while England looked on. This peace treaty between England and France ended the war inherited by Elizabeth from her half-sister Mary I, who went to war alongside her Spanish husband Philip II in 1557. The attack was a success. Anthony Babington, an English Catholic, wrote to Mary about the plot. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. Norfolk was killed in 1572. Queen Elizabeth and King Phillip II were still reluctant to openly declare war with one another however, in 1585, this changed due to dispute over the Netherlands. Although he promised to help the conspirators, he rarely followed through on these promises. Company Reg no: 04489574. - Significant political threat as her legitimacy and gender led to people not accepting her as queen. The loss of ships, weapons and supplies were proving incredibly costly for Spain as these needed to be replaced and obtaining fresh supplies put a strain on Spains finances. Elizabeth lived quietly at her . Tel: +44 0844 800 0085. When Mary, Queen of Scots arrived in England in 1568, replacing Elizabeth with Mary became a realistic possibility. In 1568, Spanish ships laden with gold bullion took refuge in English ports to escape the bad weather. The English Catholics now had no-one they could rally around and effectively lost hope of ever replacing Elizabeth. Henry believed that Elizabeth wanted France to go to war with Spain while England looked on and would benefit from the probable weakening of both. July 31st: Battle of Plymouth two Spanish ships were captured. However, the settlement was abandoned and no trace of the colonists was ever found. King Phillip II had been married to Queen Mary I of England and the two had been allies in a war against France in the 1550s. You may use the following in your answer: Mary, Queen of Scots and foreign threat (12 marks) . Marys permanent presence in England meant that she was a rallying point for many Catholics, who believed she had a stronger claim to the English throne than Elizabeth. Another reason Dudley failed was a number of his officers were divided over questions of strategy. When Elizabeth I came to the throne in 1558, she inherited a difficult financial situation and a debt of 227,000. The use of fireships by the British exposed this weakness. This risked provoking King Phillip further and to avoid this, Elizabeth forced Dudley to resign his position immediately. In the eyes of the Spanish, Drake was a pirate however in the eyes of the English and Elizabeth, he was a patriot. Elizabeth had also claimed all the profits from copper mines that were discovered in his estates which meant he lost a significant amount of money too. This meant atholics did not think . Also, the activities of English pirates', who looted Spanish ships, caused problems between Spain and England. In 1571, he developed a plot to overthrow Elizabeth using his Catholic contacts in England and Europe. She pledged to finance an army of 7,400 English troops and placed Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, in charge of them. Anne was executed less than three years after Elizabeth's birth. Many reasons led to discontent between Spain and England. She changed the church back to Anglican and it has been the official . VAT reg no 816865400. 214 High Street, VAT reg no 816865400. No, Francis in Reign does not have a child. - I partly agree with the statement as both France and Spain were powerful Catholic countries, who could unite against Protestant England. Spain had become a great military power as Phillip ruled Spain, the Netherlands and parts of Italy. In the eyes of the Church of England, Henry and Catherine were divorced and then Henry could marry Anne. The ships that did manage to make the journey back ran short of supplies, and many men died of starvation and disease. ( Public Domain ) Henry VIII was succeeded by his son Edward VI who reigned for a mere six years before succumbing to tuberculosis at the age of 15. Company Reg no: 04489574. Over 100,000 of this was owed to the Antwerp Exchange who charged an interest rate of 14%. Which three countries were a threat to England and Elizabeth? -In 1558, Elizabeth the first became queen. Mary, Queen of Scots cousin (the French Duke of Guise) intended to invade England, free Mary, overthrow Elizabeth and restore Catholicism. Doodle's Point of View The Act of Supremacy The queen's reassertion of control over religious matters was achieved via the April 1559 CE Act of Supremacy, once more closing the door on the Pope. How much is the average salary for an overseas dentist? As these privateers were supposedly independent, Elizabeth could deny any responsibility for the activities and this helped to prevent open conflict with King Phillip and Spain directly. Phillip II of Spain proposed marriage to Elizabeth. There are 4 main exam boards which are AQA, Edexcel (Pearson), OCR and How To Revise For GCSE Psychology The ultimate step-by-step guide for students, teachers and private students. The Spanish sailed as far north as Scotland to make sure they did not regroup and return to collect Parmas army. When Elizabeth's reign began in 1558 England was in the middle of a 'mid-Tudor crisis'. [This is a confident answer because it selects two reasons and links them together, showing a clear conceptual focus as well as wide-ranging knowledge]. In April 1587, Drake sailed to Cadiz and began attacking the anchored ships there. The English had drastically improved their shipbuilding techniques which gave them several technological advantages. They believed privy council members such as William Cecil had become too powerful and instead wanted to remove those they deemed evil and replace them with councillors more sympathetic to their causes. Elizabeth's legitimacy was one of many problems that Elizabeth faced when she became Queen in 1558. She was reluctant to execute Mary as she was Queen of Scotland and she believed in Divine Right that rulers were sent by God to govern their country. and reversing the religious settlement. To study the ways in which Henry consolidated his rule. 30 ships were destroyed, as well as lots of supplies. Manage Settings Company Reg no: 04489574. King Phillip saw the signing of the 1585 Treaty of Nonsuch as a declaration fo war on Spain and in response, he began to build a huge fleet of ships known as an Armada to invade England with. He also had a big empire in North and South America and by 1581, he had also become King of Portugal which gave him control of the important Atlantic port of Lisbon. The reasons for, and significance of, Mary Queen of Scots execution in 1587. Ridolfis plan was to make Mary queen by first assassinating Elizabeth and then marrying Mary to the Duke of Norfolk. After her death in 1558, her half-sister Elizabeth I preceded the throne and she tried to re-establish Puritanism in England. Te Deums were sung in churches, bonfires lit, and "their was shott at the Tower that night above two thousand . Sir Francis Drake was a leading privateer and responsible for leading several expeditions into the New World in the late 1560s and 1570s. In 1558, England lost its final possession - the port of Calais - in France. She was a Protestant. There were French troops in Scotland, and this posed a problem for Elizabeth and the security of England because England was still technically at war with France. Instead, Drakes plan was to attack the port of Cadiz, which wasnt as well defended. 2002-2023 Tutor2u Limited. In 1587, Sir Francis Drake attacked the Spanish port of Cadiz in what would become known as the Singeing of the King of Spains beard. "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 3rd point + evidence, - However Elizabeth was also faced with threats about her legitimacy and gender, "the threat of invasions was Elizabeth's main problem when she became queen in 1558" - 3rd explanation. 1558 -french threat. Elizabeth had reinstated Protestantism as the official religion of England when she inherited the throne, but that did not mean that there were not still Catholics residing in the country. By August 1986, Walsingham had gathered enough evidence to dismantle the plot. From there we will look at the career . Anyone refusing to pay poor rates could be imprisoned and officials failing to organise poor relief could be fined. Good explanation and link back to the question here at the end of the paragraph.]. Another extremely important problem Elizabeth faced were the threats from the Auld Alliance of France and Scotland, two Catholic countries that England was sandwiched between. The death of Mary in November 1558 took England out of the equation. Learning of the Spanish plans to build an Armada and invade England, Drakes mission was to try and stop this. The answer does touch upon the issue of religion but this could be extended further to acknowledge the extensive divisions within society given the preceding tumultuous changes (a brief mention of the role of the puritans for example could help). By spring 1588, the Spanish Armada was complete and King Phillip was ready to launch his, The Armada was a huge fleet consisting of, The Spanish also had thousands of more soldiers stationed in the Netherlands under the command of the. Stimulus = Anne Boleyn / The threat from France, [Examiner commentary following each paragraph and at the end is provided in italics], ____________________________________________________. In 1569, one of the wealthiest landowners in England, the Duke of Norfolk concocted a plan to marry Mary, Queen of Scots and have her recognised as Elizabeths heir. Northern Rebellion led by Earl of Westmorland. Those who refused this were sent to prison. - send 2000 to rebels. Elizabeth was eager to nullify the threat of the Auld Alliance (Scotland and France), which had been further reinforced by the marriage of Mary, Queen of Scots and French King Francis II. Describe two features of Elizabeth's religious settlement 1559 5. The core of her legitimacy problem centred around the circumstances of her birth by Anne Boleyn. "The little Queen of Scots is the most perfect child that I have ever seen," King Henry II of France proclaimed soon after meeting his new charge (Mary of Guise had stayed in Scotland to rule . The invasion would include the murder of Elizabeth and the placing of Mary, Queen of Scots on the throne. By 1572 Protestant ideas had spread in the Netherlands and Protestant Dutch rebels began a campaign for independence from Catholic Spain, leading to the Dutch Revolt. Charles Neville, 6th Earl of Westmorland was part of the rebellion against Queen Elizabeth. Elizabeth I is by many historians considered one of England's greatest ever monarchs, which heralded the 'golden age' in English history. Nevertheless, the answer has sustained conceptual focus and is wide-ranging in its analysis. The threat of France to Elizabeth's rule Elizabeth had two main problems concerning France: She inherited a bad relationship with France from her predecessor Queen Mary I. France were. Born the daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn on 7 September 1533, Elizabeth's right to rule as queen of England never went unchallenged. However, the Dutch had always governed themselves. - Most significant problem she faced as if she didn't have money she couldn't defend England against invasions.