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a British single-seat fighter aircraft that was designed and predominantly built by Hawker Aircraft Ltd. It has been estimated that Picasso produced about 13,500 paintings or designs, 100,000 prints or engravings, 34,000 book illustrations and 300 sculptures or ceramics. EXAMPLE:The girl with the brown hair is a new student. Economists consider him one of the main founders of modern theoretical macroeconomics. Nationalists, and civilians were gunned down as they fled the scene. TO CANCEL YOUR SUBSCRIPTION AND AVOID BEING CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE THE END OF THE FREE TRIAL PERIOD. The Entente Cordiale was an agreement between Britain and France to support each other against protests by a third nation and in which they cleared up conflicts about over-seas possessions (such as British occupation of Egypt and French penetration of Morocco). Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. Introduction - The Political Setting of Spain (1931-1936) . Britain, The Spanish Republicans turned to the Soviet Union for support. artillery. The Ardennes attack was planned in total secrecy in almost total radio silence. Bulgaria, Serbia, and Greece decided to join in against the already weak Turkey, hoping to annex some Balkan territory. the meeting of Joseph Stalin, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill between November 28 and December 1, 1943 in Tehran, Iran. An elected center-left government faced a military revolt that eventually resulted in the creation of an authoritarian regime. Then, use the word and definition to create a matching quiz. At that time Spain was in the grip of a civil war and in April 1937, in broad daylight, the population of the small town of Guernica in the Republican-held Basque region of Spain was devastated by German bombers and fighters from the Condor Legion acting on General Franco's orders. Serbia occupied part of Albania (and was supported by Russia), the Greeks claimed a part, and parts had been promised to Italy. More AP Euro Chapter Outlines. one of the most distinguished German field marshals of World War II. He was the commander of the Deutsches Afrika Korps and also became known by the nickname "The Desert Fox" for the skillful military campaigns he waged on behalf of the German Army in North Africa. He was followed in May 1937 by Juan Negrn, also a socialist, who remained premier throughout the remainder of the war and served as premier in exile until 1945. Moltke was the commanding officer in charge of the Shlieffen Plan in World War 1. pact in which Chamberlain accepted the seperation of the Sudetenland from the Czechs. out the war than the clumsy democratic government of the Republicans. One of the most striking images of 20th-century art, Guernica is a nightmare vision of violence, pain, and chaos. A noted British statesman who led Britain throughout most of World War II and along with Roosevelt planned many allied campaigns. great quantity. The D-Day invasion began on the 5 beaches of this region. one of the most distinguished German field marshals of World War II. Codename for Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II -- led to USSR joining the Allies. . (1874-1965) He was the British prime minister during World War II and won a Noble prize for literature. The Spanish-American War lasted only six weeks and resulted in a decisive victory for the United States. What began as a failed coup spiraled into a proxy war between Europes fascist and communist countries, with the future Allies backing the Republicans and the Axis powers supporting Francos Nationalists. The uprising consisted of military action between the existing republican government and a nationalist faction led by a military General called Francisco Franco. Mussolini had been involved to some extent in Spanish affairs before the revolt, This does not include all those who died from malnutrition, starvation, and war-engendered disease. The ever-cautious democracies, fearful of war, would not intervene, even to provide the Spanish government with weapons and supplies. Mussolini and Adolf Hitler. It called for the elimination of primarily Jews, but also non-conformists, homosexuals, non-Aryans, and mentally and physically disabled. Ap Euro Dbq. English Civil War Thirty Years' War (2000) "Leadership determines the fate of a country." Evaluate this quotation in reference to Spain's experience under Philip II. They wanted the sultan to restore a liberal parliamentary constitution in the Ottoman Empire and threatened that the empire would fall if the constitution was not brought back. A bit of a rabid dog. Republican government in Madrid under Largo Cabellero was divided within itself, His term of endearment for JEws. SparkNotes PLUS By November 1936 the Nationalists had advanced to the outskirts of Madrid. General Francisco Franco This island was the site of the US's first invasion of Japanese-held territory. difficulties. The Nationalists had no such On April 25, 1937, the small northern town of Guernica was bombed by the Because the Russians held the line, the Germans were pushed back, and never recovered. Legion of about 100 planes, which was largely responsible for the Guernica Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! Continue to start your free trial. By July 21 the rebels had achieved control in Spanish Morocco, the Canary Islands, and the Balearic Islands (except Minorca) and in the part of Spain north of the Guadarrama mountains and the Ebro River, except for Asturias, Santander, and the Basque provinces along the north coast and the region of Catalonia in the northeast. judgment of his military advisors, sending bombers and soldiers to Spain in From 1936 to 1939, civil war raged in Spain, on the periphery of continental politics. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. It developed as a short but highly significant artistic movement between about 1907 and 1914 in France. city in the northwest corner of France where the allied troops were trapped by the advancing Germany Army. Correct the punctuation in the following sentences by placing semicolons and colons where they are needed. This was the government in France established after World War Two; they refused to have a strong presidency. Generals Goded, Mola, and Francisco Franco Despite the absence of a real legal basis, the ICRC managed to negotiate access to prisoners and organized help for civilians. in august 1942, the Japanese attacked the American forces with four savage attacks and were repulsed, with horrendous losses on both sides. Labor unrest was widespread in the early 1930s, and the election of February 16, 1936, brought to power a leftist Popular Front government. the killing of all the 11 million Jews of Europe, a process now known as the Holocaust. It was carried out specifically by removing those involved from positions of influence and by disbanding or rendering impotent the organizations associated with it. Purchasing Their blanket bombing on April 26, 1937 of the Basque town of Guernica was a tragedy not only for the Basques, but for the whole world., now introduced to a new tactic the deliberate bombing of unwarned civilians. extreme right. With only limited support from France, and none at all from In 1939, the Fascist forces won (with help from Italy and Germany). World War II Pacific battle; decisive U.S. victory over powerful Japanese carrier force. It was Hitler's ultimate goal behind the Holocaust. Falange in the Pre-Civil-War Years, 1933-1936 Early Fascist Movements The Bosnian crisis occurred when Austria, who had made a previous agreement with Russia to support opening up the Straits for warships if Russia supported Austria. (Crimea Conference or codenamed the Argonaut Conference) the wartime meeting from February 4 to February 11, 1945 between the heads of the U.S., the U.K., and the Soviet Union Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin. It was attended by nine nations having interests in the Pacific Ocean and East Asia. It was called by the General Council of the Trades Union Congress (TUC) in an unsuccessful attempt to force the government to act to prevent wage reduction and worsening conditions for coal miners. Much of the early research was done in New York City by refugee physicists in the United States. The He proved incapable of managing the state during the time of political turmoil before the end of WWI, and was forced to abdicate his throne during the Russian Revolution in 1917. to start your free trial of SparkNotes Plus. March 3, 2023, SNPLUSROCKS20 They fought against Spanish Nationalist forces, who were led by General Francisco Franco and assisted by Nazi German and Fascist Italian forces. an extended essay by Virginia Woolf. was a Russian painter, printmaker and art theorist. Renew your subscription to regain access to all of our exclusive, ad-free study tools. This war was begun when Italy declared war on Turkey and conquered Tripoli and the Dodecanese Islands. Printer Friendly. The Congress of Berlin was brought together by Bismarck end the Russo-Turkish War and to prevent an entire European war. His analysis and critique of the European and German soul use modernized German and Biblical stories, as well as the ideas of Goethe, Nietzsche, and Schopenhauer, One of a group of intellectual philosophers of the 1920's in Vienna who believed in logical positivism. confused about its identity and ideology. overthrow the government. They would wait for 36 years, for Franco remained in power It was a turning point for World War II. largest of the Nazi German concentration camps. Sarmad Kako 7th period DBQ Essay The Thirty Years War devastated all of Europe from 1618-1648. A dreadnought is a battleship designed but the British at first to maintain their powerful navy over the rest of Europe. Spanish popular front The revolt quickly became a civil war. He was later a prominent commander in Italy and North-West Europe, where he was in command of all Allied ground forces during Operation Overlord until after the Battle of Normandy. The Spanish Civil War by Antony Beevor Beevor's concise and detailed account of the Spanish Civil War presents the complex mix of events in a clear manner, using a smooth and readable narrative with an excellent appraisal of both the broader situations and the difficulties faced by individual soldiers. by the end of March. Omissions? General Francisco Franco led the rebellion. His third period as Prime Minister was during the crisis of the Great Depression when he formed a "National Government" in which a majority of MPs were from the Conservatives, and as a result he was expelled from the Labour Party. Blum passed legislation extending the rights of the Arab population of Algeria. a British economist whose ideas, called Keynesian economics, had a major impact on modern economic and political theory as well as on many governments' fiscal policies. Seeking aid from abroad, the Nationalists received troops, tanks, and planes from Nazi Germany and Italy, which used Spain as a testing ground for new methods of tank and air warfare. For Germany and Italy, Spain was a testing ground for new methods of tank and air warfare. One of the most famous 20th-century artists, he is credited with painting the first modern abstract works. a gathering of 730 delegates from all 45 Allied nations at the Mount Washington Hotel, situated in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire to regulate the international monetary and financial order after the conclusion of World War II. one of the major German-language fiction writers of the 20th century. The Allied Powers consisted mainly of Great Britain (the entirety of its empire), France, Russia, the United States, and Italy. estimates. a German film director, dancer and actress, and widely noted for her aesthetics and advances in film technique. In 1931, leftist Republican parties triumphed in municipal and national elections, forcing Alfonso to leave Spain. an architect, author and high-ranking Nazi German government official, sometimes called "the first architect of the Third Reich"; had a close personal relationship with Hitler. Fascist and extreme-right forces responded in July 1936 with an army mutiny and coup attempt that expanded into a civil war. His painterly skills are often attributed to the influence of Renaissance masters, French intellectual, novelist, essayist and critic, best known as the author of In Search of Lost Time (in French la recherche du temps perdu, also translated as Remembrance of Things Past), a monumental work of twentieth-century fiction consisting of seven volumes published from 1913 to 1927, a semi-autobiographical novel in seven volumes by Marcel Proust. In 1936 the Spanish Civil War began. Catalonia fell during February, and Valencia and Madrid collapsed On March 5 the Republican government flew to exile in France. The War of Spanish Succession and the Treaty of Utrecht . military Nationalists pronounced their intentions on July 17, 1936. an aerial battle fought in World War II in 1940 between the German Luftwaffe (air force), which carried out extensive bombing in Britain, and the British Royal Air Force, which offered successful resistance. She was a theorist of the Social Democratic Party of the Kingdom of Poland, later becoming involved in the German SPD, followed by the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany. Soviet His and his wife. June 6, 1944 the day on which the Battle of Normandy began commencing the Western Allied effort to liberate mainland Europe from Nazi occupation during World War II. Wed love to have you back! Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. French fighters in World War II, who decided to continue fighting against Axis forces after the surrender of France and subsequent German occupation. Think about the basics of teaching young people . international treaty "providing for the renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy." While advocating Irish national self-reliance, its precise political meaning was undefined whether it meant republicanism or Arthur Griffith-style dual monarchism. Along with Marcel Proust and Virginia Woolf, he is a key figure in the development of the modernist novel. These were delivered along with the usual political commissars, urging allegiance to the partly line. emperor of Japan during WWII. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. This region had coal mines and was the center of steel production for the Germans. a political slogan used by Irish nationalists in the latter nineteenth and early twentieth century. In the ensuing years, the government became increasingly Nationalists suffered from incompetent junior officers, but not to the same French politician, was the Prime Minister of France three times: from 1936 to 1937, for one month in 1938, and from December 1946 to January 1947. one of the dominant political figures in 20th century Ireland. In 1936, the pendulum swung again; new elections yielded a left-center majority and a Popular Front government, alarming the wealthy, the clergy, and the military. He was a skilled draftsman, best known for the striking, bizarre, and beautiful images in his surrealist work. Last Saturday my grandmother's twin sisters, Aunt Maeve and Aunt Margaret, celebrated their sixtyeth birthdays in an enormous family gathering at La Vista Park. During the first weeks of the war, the Popular Front government of France also supported the Republicans, but internal opposition forced a change of policy. By February 1939, 250,000 Republican soldiers, together with an equal number of civilians, had fled across the border into France. The painting is full of energy but there is no color and its monochrome, nighttime palette is bleak and disorientating. The war was an outcome of a polarization of Spanish life and politics that had developed over previous decades. The Young Turks in the Ottoman Empire began the Turkish Revolution of 1908-09. (p. 793), Crucial naval battle which stopped the Japanese march across the Pacific, first time all fighting was done by carrier based aircraft. (p. 797). . A region in northwestern France on the English channel. The Civil War The military uprising started in Morocco on July 17, 1936, and quickly spread to the garrisons of metropolitan Spain. Republican military units in the Spanish Civil War, formed of many non-state sponsored volunteers of different countries who traveled to Spain, to fight for the democratic government in the Spanish Civil War between 1936 and 1939. While there, Hemingway broke his friendship with John Dos Passos because, despite warnings, Dos Passos continued to report on the atrocities of not only the fascist Nationalists whom Hemingway disliked, but also of the elected, left-leaning Republicans whom he favored. a 1922 novel by James Joyce, first serialised in parts in the American journal The Little Review from 1918 to 1920, and published in its entirety by Sylvia Beach on February 2, 1922, in Paris. The kite soared majestically over the treetops. He ruled a military dictatorship until his death in 1975. In 1934 there was widespread labour conflict and a bloody uprising by miners in Asturias that was suppressed by troops led by General Francisco Franco. Triple Entente The Triple Entente refers to the unofficial alliance between England, France, and Russia, created to counter the alliance Triple Alliance. The Soviet Union contributed equipment and supplies to the Republicans, who also received help from the Mexican government. Economics During the Inter-War Years (1919-1938), Attempts at Reconciliation and Disarmament (1921-1930), The Soviet Union During the Inter-War Years (1924-1935), Eastern Europe During the Inter-War Years (1919-1938), Italian Fascism during the Inter-War Years (1919-1938), Britain During the Inter-War Years (1919-1938). within the ranks. By signing up you agree to our terms and privacy policy. On September 2, 1945, the Japanese emperor formally surrendered on this ship in Tokyo Bay. suppressing a Filipino rebellion against increased control by a foreign government adopting a policy of containment to reduce European colonization around the world C adopting a policy of containment to reduce European colonization around the world annexing Hawaii and Puerto Rico into the United States after the Spanish-American War D On one side, the Nationalist, were most Roman Catholics, important elements of the military, most landowners, and many businessmen. By all rights, the legitimate, elected government should have won this struggle against a handful of insurgent generals. Although the U.S. government stayed neutral in the Spanish Civil War, about 2,800 Americansmany of whom had never before fired a gunvolunteered for the Republican cause. He had no real desire to be Tsar of Russia, and was blamed for the unpopular Russo-Japanese War. The Republicans received aid from the Soviet Union as well as from the International Brigades, composed of volunteers from Europe and North America. fast, maneuverable British fighter plane that helped England win the Battle of Britain. Europe was divided by the "iron curtain'. Spanish civil war In 1936 a rebellion erupted in Spain after a coalition of Republicans, Socialists, and Communists was elected.