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Southwest - Chandler, AZ Health experts at the time knew better. Surgeon General committee issued a report in 1926 that concluded there was no real evidence that the sale of TEL was hazardous to human health but urged further study. This site also participates in other affiliate programs including but not limited to ShareASale, CJ, and ClickBank, and is compensated for referring traffic and business to these companies. How much lead cross-contamination occurs is unknown, but one demographer who has extensively studied lead emissions said a majority of the existing emissions flow (50 to 60 percent) is attributable to leaded aviation gasoline, while by comparison, the contribution due to the.05 gram allowance is small. [111] The U.S. phasedown regulations also were due in great part to studies conducted by Philip J. [32] Unleaded fuel was first introduced in the United Kingdom in June 1986. Menu. It contains an anti-wear additive, so if your vehicle was designed with valve seats, you could expect them to hold up nicely while driving. The regulatory future of a . It will not cause any harm to your vehicle, but going without it could result in some failures that cause expensive repairs. S. Berger. bottle treats up to 25 gallons Safe for any type of fuel system See more product details Frequently bought together Total price: Add all three to Cart The last benefit is how well it will protect your valve seats. MTBE has environmental risks of its own and there are also bans on its use. [118] India banned leaded petrol in March 2000. In the 1987 model year, the company will impregnate Teflon on the spline to eliminate the clunking. Since 1993, Formula One racing cars have been required to use fuel containing no more than 5mg/L of lead. Is there any prohibition on putting this product into tanks that are mixed 100LL and Unleaded Autogas? First, lead improved the way that gasoline burned. In the 1970s, unleaded gas was introduced because of the rising issues lead was causing both with vehicles and the health concerns it brought with its use. Best Value. The solution was finally discovered that lead could halt the issue until a modern-day solution was implemented. ..2566, ., 1/2565. The additive treat rate is a ratio of the amount of additive used to the amount of fuel treated with the additive. Lead additive for classic cars is a type of ingredient that is used to enhance the performance of the older engine. DO NOT OVERTREAT. Our race fuels give you consistent . Star Tron Enzyme Fuel Treatment. How do I know how much additive to use? [citation needed], In 1935 a licence to produce TEL was given to IG Farben, enabling the newly formed German Luftwaffe to use high-octane gasoline. Algeria Used The Last Stockpile, Charles F. Kettering and the 1921 Discovery of Tetraethyl Lead, True unleaded alternative for 100LL needed for general aviation, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tetraethyllead&oldid=1141449224, 84 to 85C (183 to 185F; 357 to 358K) 15mmHg, United States (including Puerto Rico): 1 January 1996. So, if your old engine needs a high-octane fuel, you might consider using an unleaded premium gas with a lead substitute. [107][108], In the 1960s, the first clinical works were published proving the toxicity of this compound in humans, e.g. Leaded petrol was supposed to be completely phased out continent-wide on 1 January 2006, following a ban initiated from the 2002 Earth Summit. Even if the gas has been stabilized, we recommend completely draining your snow blowers fuel system before storing it away for the season. [citation needed], Vehicles designed and built to run on leaded fuel often require modification to run on unleaded gasoline. Older vehicles struggled with pre-detonation, also known as engine knock, which can result in severe engine damage or blown pistons. The ingredients in this product are miscible in all proportions with aviation gasoline. Such motors are usually run under heavier loads than car engines. [17] In 1924, Standard Oil of New Jersey (ESSO/EXXON) and General Motors created the Ethyl Gasoline Corporation to produce and market TEL. For STA-BIL 360 Protection, for storage and everyday ethanol treatment use one ounce (30mL) to 5 gallons (19 L) of gasoline, gas/oil mixtures, or ethanol blends. STA-BIL brand can be used in engines with any number of cylinders (e.g. Safer methods for making higher-octane blending stocks such as reformate and iso-octane reduced the need to rely on TEL, as did other antiknock additives of varying toxicity including metallic compounds such as methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) as well as oxygenates including methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME), and ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE). how does water evaporate without heat; generali annual integrated report 2020; greenwood family tree; norwich university parents weekend 2021; 1400 woodward avenue detroit michigan 48226 Gas Treatment . And despite the removal of lead from gasoline, the environmental ramifications of the neurotoxicant continue to be felt today because lead does not degrade and remains in the soil. Pennsylvanians, by contrast, paid roughly twice as much in 2015, at 70 cents and 89.7 cents per gallon, respectively. How To Use Lead Additive For Your Classic Car. It could take up to a half year, however. This was followed by the 1996 Clean Air Act ban on lead additives to gasoline sold for highway use. I use Octane Supreme 130 (formerly Lead Supreme 130) in my '68 X-Code, 2 oz per gallon mixed with 93 octane unleaded. I use 1 oz per ten gallons on my UL350 engine. STA-BIL Storage is designed to protect engines that are being stored for prolonged periods. The last country in the world to sell it: Algeria. All lead gasoline vehicles were off the road by 1996. It's believed to be an all original engine with 103,000 miles. But by the 1970s, the general opinion of the safety of TEL would change, and by 1976 the U.S. government would begin to require the phaseout of this product. If you have to use 100LL, then this stuff is for you. A growing body of evidence has also shown that low blood lead levels are associated with multiple issues such as lowered IQ levels, attention-related behaviors, and poor academic achievement. STA-BIL 22214 Fuel Stabilizer. . Lucas Oil Fuel Stabilizer. [31], Since January 1993 all gasoline powered cars sold in the European Union and the United Kingdom have been required to use unleaded fuel. (30mL) to 5 gallons (19L). Is thi after opening? I will carry it aboard my plane and use as described. Any product eligibility information provided here is based on general application guides and we recommend always referring to your specific aircraft parts manual, the parts manufacturer or consulting with a qualified mechanic. Ford has traced the noise to binding on the drive shaft spline. Such a finding would have started the regulatory process to determine whether to phase lead out of all fuel, but the EPA ruled against the petition and called for more studies on the risks of leaded aviation gas. Inclusion of Substances of Very High Concern in the Candidate List Decision of the European Chemicals Agency ED/169/2012. Question: My 1971 Continental is in almost-new condition, except that it was designed for high-octane leaded fuel, which is no longer available. If your vehicle was manufactured in 1970 or earlier, there is a good chance you will need some lead substitute additive for your fuel. Diesel Formula STA-BIL is recommended for use AT EVERY FILL UP for year round protection. It's the highest purity you'll find in the United States. Adding a full can to 4 gallons is a 4 ounce per gallon ratio, . Seems to prevent, in a certain extent, the carbon deposit in the combustion chambers. Is the 7.3 Liter IDI a Good Diesel Engine? At the temperatures found in internal combustion engines, TEL decomposes completely into lead as well as combustible, short-lived ethyl radicals. Decalin RunUp is miscible in all proportions and compatible with both 100LL and Unleaded Autogas. Stabil as noted below is not a cleaner a splash of Seafoam in every tank keeps the carbs clean and the engine running good. Using a premium formula, STA-BIL 360 Protection cleans out the entire fuel system of treated engines, removes water, prevents corrosion, and improves performance. Etha-Guard counteracts ethanol's hygroscopic nature, preventing moisture and damage to your fuel system, stabilising E5 & E10 petrol. I never looked at the bottle in the winter. You should look to see if your car has a set of valve seats. Honorable Mention. This allows the combustion process to be more efficient and reduces emissions. You can use Star Tron or Stabil in any engine and on any fuel! When a vehicle is driven or used, the gasoline burns up before it begins to evaporate and degrade. This product is table down to -60 degrees C. This will not freeze or separate at any temperature. [citation needed], Early symptoms of acute exposure to tetraethyllead can manifest as irritation of the eyes and skin, sneezing, fever, vomiting, and a metallic taste in the mouth. EPA's rules were issued under section 211 of the Clean Air Act, as amended 1970. The revolutionary additive combats the harmful effects caused by modern, ethanol-blended fuels. Decalin RunUp contains two types of additive, one to reduce the negative effects of tetraethyl lead in aviation fuel and the other to improve the combustion efficiency, reduce combustion deposits and clean the fuel delivery system in aircraft. Have used Decalin for many years in a Rotax 912 engine whenever I had to use Avgas. There are about half a million young children in the United States with blood lead levels above five micrograms per deciliter, the level at which public health intervention is recommended, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Remaining lead in unburnt fuel finds its way into the oil by bypassing the pistons. Works well to control deposits in the combustion chamber. M1 helps your engine run cooler compared to standard methanol blends. [17], Ethyl Fluid's formulation consisted of:[10], Dichloroethane and dibromoethane act in a synergistic manner, where equal or approximately equal quantities of both provide the best scavenging ability. Pack of 1. It's a lot less than the 4 to 6 grams/gallon used in typical race gas mixes. Synthetic iso-octane and alkylate are examples of such blending stocks. lead additive is ranked as the number one lead substitute for old classic car engines for a few reasons. This is a difficult question because it depends on the vehicle's design and when it was purchased. Additives that promise to increase gas mileage are a popular product, especially of course when gas prices rise. [93] The U.S. Centers of Disease control previously labelled children with 10g/dL or more as having a "blood lead level of concern." Using SeaFoam as a fuel additive is straightforward. (30mL) treats up to 10 gallons (38L) of fuel. LUBRICANT ADDITIVE TO CONTROL VALVE SEAT WEAR IN ENGINES DESIGNED TO RUN ON LEADED GASOLINE! Tetraethyllead (commonly styled tetraethyl lead), abbreviated TEL, is an organolead compound with the formula Pb(C2H5)4. 8 gallons amounts to 2 ounces per gallon. They are an astute group of owners whose opinions I value. The ingredient is already dissolved in the fuel and goes with it into the oil sump. Understanding old vehicles and the history of fuel is important when discussing lead additives because this means you know what products to look for. This in turn increased vehicle performance and fuel economy. Everyone advises that you should add a stabilizer to gas as soon as you purchase gasoline. . Reno Air Race 2021. This item arrived on time and exactly as advertised. Use religiously in Rotax to avoid lead build up. Posted on June 22, 2022 by June 22, 2022 by Unused gas left in a mower over the winter can get stale, gumming up the carburetor and inviting rust. My old Franklin cant use 100LL without it! Stabil Marine has extra ability to neutralize the water that the ethanol attracts. [14], Despite decades of research, no reactions were found to improve upon this process that is rather difficult, involves metallic sodium, and converts only 25% of the lead to TEL. [85] Children living near airports servicing small (piston-engine) aircraft have measurably higher concentrations of lead in their blood. It works very well when running 100LL. First, it is widely available and even is offered in bulk pricing for a discount. Retail gasoline prices move an estimated 2.4 cents per gallon for every $1 change in the price per barrel. [30] Leaded gasoline was withdrawn entirely from the European Union market on 1 January 2000, although it had been banned much earlier in most member states. [27], For mixing with raw gasoline, TEL was most commonly supplied in the form of "Ethyl Fluid", which consisted of TEL blended with 1,2-dichloroethane and 1,2-dibromoethane. Q: Is Decalin RunUp compatible with composite construction fuel tanks? In case you are using a 32-ounce bottle with 5 gallons of fuel, expect 105 octane performance . If it is put in after, Runup will disperse quite rapidly in the fuel, not longer than 10 minutes and less than that if flying. [17] After the death of the workers, dozens of newspapers reported on the issue. Q: Will Decalin Runup have any impact on lead that ends up in the oil? This product will help your older vehicle run more efficiently to avoid the risks of using unleaded gasoline. All lead gasoline vehicles were off the road. I cant comment on the function of the product because I havent used it long enough to evaluate. Units Per Package. It comes highly recommended by from my aircraft distributor and many experienced users. [114] Thus, what had begun in the U.S. as a phasedown ultimately ended in a phase-out for on-road vehicle TEL. [115][116], Taking cue from the domestic programs, the U.S. Agency for International Development undertook an initiative to reduce tetraethyl lead use in other countries, notably its efforts in Egypt begun in 1995. Also question is,can you use too much stabil fuel stabilizer? Best Overall. He found that about 5.4 million metric tons of lead additives were used in U.S. gasoline from 1927 through 1994. The EPA has ordered that leaded gasoline sold after Jan. 1, 1988, contain no more than 0.1 gram of lead per gallon. RECOMMENDED FOR FARM EQUIPMENT, TRUCKS, MARINES, AND PASSENGER CAR ENGINES DESIGNED TO RUN ON LEADED GASOLINE! how much lead additive per gallonshimano steps e8000 creaking. how much lead additive per gallon benson funeral home, st cloud, mn obituaries seneca falls county jail 27 inch microwave base cabinet christian mougang bassogog chicken losing feathers at base of tail Why Should You Use Lead Additives For Classic Cars? Lead additive is also an excellent solution for classic cars because it is cheap and low cost. Do I need fuel stabilizer? Join Date: May 2005; Posts: 29; Share Tweet #6. Make sure you remove and clean your oxygen sensor every 20 hours to remove these lead phosphate deposits when using Decalin RunUp. Could it be harmful?--W.L. Such alcohol is reported to be produced for between 10 cents and 20 cents per gallon and has much promise as a mixture with . Limiting this allowance is good policy, as health economists have repeatedly established the cost effectiveness of expunging lead from the lived environment of human beings.. Yes, Decalin Runup is compatible with auto gas. This in turn increased vehicle performance and fuel economy. Also, you may notice that there is lowered engine performance and fuel efficiency. octane relative to other fuel additives (i.e., ethanol and other alcohol-based additives), and . Might clean up on its own. Q: I see there is a shelf life of 2 years. These older engines, built before 1971, have valve seats that depend on lead for protection and lubrication. I will borescope all cylinders and see the effect of Decalin Runup. Particularly for people who live within a kilometer of airports that service piston-engine aircraft, the continuing flow of lead into the environment remains a potentially serious source of exposure risk, the study found. For storage: Use 1 oz. how much lead additive per gallon. As more research has shown the significant role that inhalation of lead particles plays in blood lead levels, Mielke said that the impact of the EPA allowance of.05 grams of lead per gallon in unleaded gasoline becomes clearer. Flat Rate Shipping must be selected in cart for promotion to apply. Tetraethyl lead was originally added to gasoline in the 1920s as an anti-knock agent to keep engines running smoothly, and manufacturers then claimed the additive was safe. VP's experts design more than 70 proprietary blends of leaded and unleaded race fuel for every application. He was then forced to work in a cleanroom to keep his samples uncontaminated by environmental pollution of lead. How much STA-BIL do I need for 1.5 gallons of gas? Dry, spray-grade AMS should be added at a rate of 8.5 pounds to 17 pounds of AMS per 100 gallons of spray solution. It would have a very large impact, said Mielke, citing studies in Detroit and Flint, Michigan that have examined the role of air lead contamination on blood lead levels. ), What fuel stabilizer is best? [citation needed], Leaded gasoline remained legal as of late 2014[36] in parts of Algeria, Iraq, Yemen, Myanmar, North Korea, and Afghanistan. [124] Taking into consideration other factors that are believed to have increased crime rates over that period, Reyes found that the reduced exposure to lead led to an actual decline of 34% over that period. In tests by Lubrizol, sodium appears to behave in largely the same way as lead, according to Dr. Thomas Johnston, director of fuel additives at the company. Frankland and Lawrence credit Buckton with synthesizing tetraethyl lead in: E. Frankland and Awbrey Lawrance (1879) "On plumbic tetrethide,". [8] In July 2021, the sale of leaded gasoline for cars was completely phased out worldwide, prompting the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) to declare an "official end" of its use in cars on August 30, 2021. Being aware of the health dangers posed by lead and suspicious of the pollution caused by TEL, he became one of the earliest and most effective proponents of removing it from use. [34][35] An exemption to the ban exists for owners of classic cars. 28, No. For this reason, 1,2-dichloroethane and 1,2-dibromoethane were also added to gasoline as lead scavengersthese agents form volatile lead(II) chloride and lead(II) bromide, respectively, which flush the lead from the engine and into the air:[16], TEL was extensively used as a gasoline additive beginning in the 1920s,[17] wherein it served as an effective antiknock agent and reduced exhaust valve and valve seat wear. There it acts as a suspending and dispersing agent, preventing the lead from precipitating and agglomerating into an abrasive sludge. In 2011 a study, backed by the United Nations, estimated that the removal of TEL had resulted in $2.4 trillion in annual benefits, and 1.2 million fewer premature deaths. 8 min read. Is Marine STA-BIL better than regular? TEL offered the business advantage of being commercially profitable because its use for this purpose could be patented. When used as directed, the contents of this can will provide the recommended concentrations of 0.1% by volume minimum to 0.15% by volume maximum. Additional regulatory changes were made by EPA over the next decade (including adoption of a trading market in "lead credits" in 1982 that became the precursor of the Acid Rain Allowance Market, adopted in 1990 for SO2), but the decisive rule was issued in 1985. But the FTC's site recommends a buyer-beware approach. Lead is really nasty stuff (poisonous), and 100LL avgas can have up to 2 milliliters of tetraethyl lead per gallon. ", "Annotation: Protection of the Public Interest, Allegations of Scientific Misconduct, and the Needleman Case", The Most Important Scientist Youve Never Heard Of, "Profile Philip Landrigan: children's health crusader", "EPA Takes Final Step in Phaseout of Leaded Gasoline", "Blood Lead Secular Trend in a Cohort of Children in Mexico City (19872002)", "Global Benefits From the Phaseout of Leaded Fuel", "Era of leaded petrol over, eliminating a major threat to human and planetary health", "Lead abatement, alcohol taxes and 10 other ways to reduce the crime rate without annoying the NRA", "Ban on leaded petrol 'has cut crime rates around the world', "Lead poisoning linked to violent crime Chicago Tribune", "Environmental Policy as Social Policy? Please note other excluded items on the same order may incur a freight charge. It does not vaporize or disappear. Specifically, kerosene has a BTU content of about 130,000 per gallon while diesel has an average of 140,000 per gallon. [17][105], In the late 1920s, Robert A. Kehoe of the University of Cincinnati was the Ethyl Corporation's chief medical consultant and one of the lead industry's staunchest advocates, who would not be discredited until decades later by Dr. Clair Patterson's work on human lead burdens (see below) and other studies. [87], High-percentage additives are organic compounds that do not contain metals, but require much higher blending ratios, such as 2030% for benzene and ethanol. If you live in a region where your gasoline is unadulterated with ethanol (say Montana), then regular Stabil works great. Concerns were later raised over the toxic effects of lead, especially on children. Central - Fort Worth, TX Gasoline is considered a petroleum distillate, as is kerosene. Time to do some simple math and divide the 1 gallon treat volume by 128 ounces, thus: dividing 7500 gallons of fuel by 128 ounces of additive nets a sum of 58.59, thus, 1 ounce of additive will treat 58.59 gallons of fuel, divding 1500 gallons of fuel by 128 ounces of additive nets a sum of 11.79, thus, 1 ounce of additive will treat 11.79 gallons of fuel. TEL was first synthesised by German . Q: For proper mixing, is it advisable to add to the tank before or after fueling? roasts that hurt and rhyme. shein voucher code first order; russ rose salary penn state; bluestacks text not showing; wordle alternative game; what is marco scutaro doing now Sales Tax Rate (plus applicable district taxes) Sales Tax Rate Qualified Agricultural Use of Diesel (plus applicable district taxes) Prepayment of Sales Tax Rate (per gallon) Excise Tax Rate (per gallon) 10/2022-06/2023. Previous owner says he always adds to gas. This was influenced after blood tests of NASCAR teams revealed elevated blood lead levels. how much lead additive per gallon. Clean immediately if spills occur, as product can permanently stain painted surfaces. [24] Adding varying amounts of additives to gasoline allowed easy, inexpensive control of octane ratings. Zahran, who co-authored a recently published study on the effects of leaded aviation gasoline on Michigan childrens blood lead levels, found that the levels increased based on proximity to airports. Landrigan. For people who own seasonal equipment, classic cars, or boats that tend to sit for more than three weeks at a time, however, fuel stabilizer is a fantastic idea. Environmental organizations such as Friends of the Earth petitioned the EPA to make an endangerment finding on aviation gasoline and to regulate lead emissions from piston-engine aircraft. 1 gallon of additive should be put into 7,500 gallons of fuel, then to meet the product claims 1 gallon of additive must be put into 1,500 gallons of fuel. Customer Service: 800-861-3192 Kettering and Midgley stated that no alternatives for anti-knocking were available, although private memos showed discussion of such agents. This was not the case in classic cars, and the valve seats were prone to recession. how much lead additive per gallon Opinion: Can L.A take back its streets so kids can bike safely? Its difficult to assess engine efficiency without laboratory testing. Since lead is a naturally occurring heavy metal, unlike carcinogens like pesticides, waste oils and radioactive materials, it will not break down over time. The federal government, however, allowed certain aircraft, racing cars, farm equipment, and marine engines to continue to use leaded fuel. East - Peachtree City, GA In 1924, a public controversy arose over the "loony gas", after five[101] workers died, and many others were severely injured, in Standard Oil refineries in New Jersey. Powershield uses sodium, a metal, as a substitute for lead, which is also a metal. It does what it is supposed to do. [citation needed], Improvements to gasoline itself decrease the need for antiknock additives. Please note, Aircraft Spruce's personnel are not certified aircraft mechanics and can only provide general support and ideas, which should not be relied upon or implemented in lieu of consulting an A&P or other qualified technician. how much lead additive per gallondavid janssen childrendavid janssen children He has won two Loeb awards and was a Pulitzer finalist, among many other career recognitions. This lead substitute also uses a protective film coating for your valve seats that helps prevent recession. I had some from a few years ago and had it stored outside in a plastic tote, and looks like the container leaked. For converting treat rate to PPM (parts per million), "Classic" TDR (Premium Diesel Fuel Additives), "Classic" TDR-FL PREMIUM SUMMER DIESEL FUEL ADDITIVE, "Classic" TDR-WDA PREMIUM WINTER DIESEL ADDITIVE, TDR-S "PLUS" PREMIUM SUMMER DIESEL FUEL ADDITIVE, TDR-WDA "PLUS" PREMIUM WINTER DIESEL ADDITIVE, STABILIZER FSP-55 (DISTILLATE FUEL STABILIZER), MFOA-55/HD (HEAVY DUTY MARINE FUEL OIL ADDITIVE), IVD - Intake Valve Deposit Cleaner (for Gasoline), How to "Spec" Premium Diesel Fuel Additives - Part 1, How to "Spec" Premium Diesel Fuel Additives - Part 2, How to "Spec" Premium Diesel Fuel Additives - Part 3, How to "Spec" Premium Diesel Fuel Additives - Part 4, How to "Spec" Premium Diesel Fuel Additives - Part 5, The Making Of Premium Diesel Fuel - Supplemental. Before using Decalin the lead build up was significant over a year. Too soon to tell its effectiveness. humira label hidradenitis suppurativa; briggs & stratton lawn mower oil; how much lead additive per gallon; January 18, 2022 . At recommended concentration, Powershield would be diluted with gasoline to 8 parts per million. To ensure the fastest initial mixing it is best to put the Runup in first. Innospec has claimed to be the last firm legally making TEL but, as of 2013[update], TEL was being produced illegally by several companies in China. [117], By 2000, the TEL industry had moved the major portion of their sales to developing countries whose governments they lobbied against phasing out leaded gasoline. AEROSHELL OIL SPORT PLUS 4 CASE OF 12 LITERS, PHILLIPS 66 XC AVIATION OIL 20W50 12QT CASE, Alcor By Tempest TCP Fuel Treatment - Quart, Vena Ht (SCAT Equivalent) Flexible Aircraft Ducting - Cut To Length, Vena HTD (SCEET Equivalent) Flexible Aircraft Ducting - Cut To Length, Safety Wire - Stainless Steel - 1 Lb Spool. It is the perfect choice for many classic car owners because it is safe for any type of fuel system. These chemicals target fuel injector deposits. One bottle treats up to 25 gallons of fuel. This is about a 7.5% difference in power. The Lubrizol product is not sold at retail but is packaged by a number of formulators into retail products. [7][119] The announcement was slightly premature, as a few countries still have leaded gasoline for sale as of 2017. [96] In 1859, English chemist George Bowdler Buckton (18181905) reported what he claimed was Pb(C2H5)2 from zinc ethyl (Zn(C2H5)2) and lead(II) chloride. However, you cannot buy actual lead directly because of the health risks. Too Much of a Good Thing Can Be Bad. However, the reduction/elimination of lead deposits on valves and especially spark plugs is is very obvious. Protects your engine under all driving . This product is available as a 1-gallon bottle with accessories, including a hand pump and two. Item qualifies for free ground shipping. And this was typically caused by the lack of lead in fuel. It had been established by 1921 that ethanol was an effective antiknock agent, but TEL was introduced instead mainly for commercial reasons. [17] Aviation fuels with TEL used in WWII reached octane ratings of 150 to enable turbocharged and supercharged engines such as the Rolls-Royce Merlin and Griffon to reach high horsepower ratings at altitude.